Alkenes key terms

Unsaturated Hydrocarbon

A hydrocarbon that contains at least one carbon-carbon double or triple bond, allowing for additional reactions.

Addition Reaction

A chemical reaction in which atoms are added to a molecule, typically occurring with alkenes due to their double bonds.

Electrophilic addition

A reaction where an electrophile reacts with a nucleophile, typically involving the addition of atoms or groups across a double bond.

Hybridization

The concept of mixing atomic orbitals to form new hybrid orbitals, which can explain the geometry of molecular bonding.

Electrophile

A species that is attracted to electrons and can accept an electron pair from a nucleophile.

Electrophilic addition

A reaction where an electrophile reacts with a nucleophile, resulting in the addition of atoms or groups across a double bond.

Electrophilic addition

A reaction mechanism where an electrophile reacts with a nucleophile, resulting in the addition of atoms or groups across a double bond.

Bromination

The addition of bromine to an alkene, resulting in the formation of a dibrominated compound.

Electrophilic addition

A reaction in which an electrophile adds to a π bond, forming a new σ bond and a carbocation intermediate.

Markovnikov rule

A principle stating that in the addition of HX to an alkene, the hydrogen attaches to the carbon with more hydrogen atoms, and the halide attaches to the more substituted carbon.

Electrophilic addition

A reaction where an electrophile reacts with a nucleophile, typically involving alkenes and resulting in the addition of atoms or groups across a double bond.

Carbocation

A positively charged carbon atom that is an intermediate in many organic reactions, characterized by having only six electrons in its outer shell.

Electrophilic addition

A reaction where an electrophile reacts with a nucleophile, resulting in the addition of atoms or groups across a double bond.

Carbocation

An ion with a positively charged carbon atom, which is an important intermediate in many organic reactions.

Electrophile

An electrophile is a species that accepts an electron pair from a nucleophile to form a chemical bond.

Nucleophile

A nucleophile is a species that donates an electron pair to an electrophile to form a chemical bond.

Monomer

A small, reactive molecule that can join together to form a polymer.

Polymerization

The chemical process by which monomers are chemically bonded to form a polymer.

Polymerization

The chemical process in which monomers join together to form a polymer.

Repeat unit

The specific arrangement of atoms in a polymer that repeats throughout the polymer chain.

Addition Polymerisation

A process in which monomers with unsaturated bonds (C=C) react to form a polymer without the loss of any atoms.

Monomer

A small molecule that can chemically bond with other monomers to form a polymer.

Monomer

A small molecule that can join together with other monomers to form a polymer.

Polymerization

The process of reacting monomer molecules together in a chemical reaction to form polymer chains.