The drive to 'Great Power' status, 1516–1556 key terms

Comuneros

A group of rebels in Castile who opposed Charles I's rule in the early 16th century, advocating for local rights and governance.

Germania

A revolt in Valencia during the same period, where urban citizens protested against royal taxation and central authority.

Conciliar Government

A system of governance where councils advise the monarch, allowing for more structured decision-making in the administration of the empire.

Spanish Inquisition

A judicial institution established to maintain Catholic orthodoxy, often used to consolidate political power and suppress dissent.

Habsburg-Valois Wars

A series of conflicts between the Habsburgs and the Valois dynasty of France from 1494 to 1559, primarily over territorial disputes and control of Italy.

Ottoman Empire

A major Islamic empire that spanned Southeast Europe, Western Asia, and North Africa from the 14th to the early 20th century, known for its military prowess and territorial expansion.

Heresy

Beliefs or opinions that deviate from established religious doctrine, particularly in Christianity.

Catholic Reformation

The period of Catholic revival initiated in response to the Protestant Reformation, aiming to reform the Church and reaffirm Catholic doctrine.

Imperialism

The policy of extending a country's power and influence through colonization, military force, or other means.

Mercantilism

An economic theory that emphasizes the importance of accumulating wealth through trade and maintaining a favorable balance of trade.

Habsburg Dynasty

A prominent European royal house that ruled Spain and the Holy Roman Empire, known for its extensive territorial holdings and influence during the 16th century.

Spanish Inquisition

A religious tribunal established in 1478 to maintain Catholic orthodoxy in Spain, known for its severe methods and impact on society and politics.