Instability and consolidation: 'the Mid-Tudor Crisis', 1547–1563 (A-level only) key terms

Royal Authority

The power and legitimacy of the monarchy to govern and make decisions in the realm.

Succession Crisis

A period of uncertainty regarding the rightful heir to the throne, often leading to political instability.

Enclosure

The process of consolidating small landholdings into larger farms, which often led to displacement of rural workers and increased poverty.

Protestant Reformation

A religious movement in the 16th century that led to the establishment of Protestant churches and significant changes in Christian practices and beliefs.

Succession Crisis

A period of uncertainty regarding the rightful heir to the throne, particularly after Edward VI's death and before Mary I's consolidation of power.

Marian Persecutions

The execution and persecution of Protestant reformers during Mary I's reign, aimed at restoring Catholicism.

Mid-Tudor Crisis

A period of political instability and social unrest in England from 1547 to 1563, marked by economic difficulties and religious conflict.

Humanism

An intellectual movement that emphasized the study of classical texts and human potential, influencing religious thought during the Renaissance.

Elizabethan Settlement

The series of laws and policies established by Elizabeth I to create a moderate Protestant church and reduce religious conflict in England.

Spanish Armada

A fleet sent by Spain in 1588 to invade England, which was ultimately defeated, marking a significant moment in Elizabeth I's reign.

Inflation

A general increase in prices and fall in the purchasing value of money, which significantly affected the economy during Elizabeth's early reign.

Northern Rebellion

A 1569 uprising by Catholic nobles in northern England aimed at deposing Elizabeth I and placing Mary, Queen of Scots, on the throne.