Pressure for change, c1783–1812 key terms

Franchise

The right to vote in political elections, which was limited in Britain during the late 18th century.

Parliament

The supreme legislative body in the UK, consisting of the House of Commons and the House of Lords.

Income Tax

A tax levied on individuals' earnings, introduced by Pitt in 1799 to fund government expenses.

Parliamentary Majority

A situation where one political party holds more than half the seats in Parliament, allowing for easier passage of legislation.

Industrialisation

The process of transforming an economy from primarily agricultural to one based on the manufacturing of goods.

Urbanisation

The movement of people from rural areas to cities, often resulting in the growth of urban centers.

Industrial Workforce

The labor force engaged in industrial production, often facing harsh working conditions and low wages.

Agricultural Labourers

Workers employed in agriculture, who often struggled with poverty and poor living conditions during the industrial period.

Parliamentary Reform

Changes aimed at improving the electoral system and increasing representation in Parliament.

Radical Movements

Groups advocating for significant political and social change, often in response to perceived injustices.

Industrial Revolution

The period of rapid industrial growth and technological advancement in Britain from the late 18th century to the mid-19th century.

Reform Act

Legislation aimed at expanding the electorate and improving representation in Parliament, with significant acts passed in 1832, 1867, and 1884.