Challenges to the status quo, c1886–1914 key terms

Socialism

A political and economic theory advocating for collective or governmental ownership and administration of the means of production and distribution of goods.

Fabianism

A socialist doctrine that promotes gradual change and reform through democratic means rather than revolution.

New Liberalism

A political ideology advocating for government intervention to address social issues and improve welfare.

Labour Party

A political party established to represent the working class and promote social justice and workers' rights.

Tariff Reform

Tariff Reform refers to the policy of changing import duties to protect domestic industries from foreign competition.

Invisible Exports

Invisible Exports are services provided to foreign markets, such as banking and insurance, which do not involve the export of physical goods.

Urbanization

The process by which an increasing percentage of a population comes to live in urban areas, significantly impacting social structures and labor dynamics.

Trade Union

An organized association of workers formed to protect and further their rights and interests, particularly in negotiations with employers.

Welfare State

A government system that provides social security and welfare programs to ensure the well-being of its citizens.

Sanitation

The maintenance of hygienic conditions, including the provision of clean drinking water and proper waste disposal.

Home Rule

The political movement advocating for self-governance in Ireland while remaining part of the UK.

Ulster Covenant

A pledge signed in 1912 by unionists in Ulster to resist Home Rule by any means necessary.