Reform and challenge, c1851–c1886 key terms

Electorate

The body of people entitled to vote in an election.

Franchise

The right to vote in public elections.

Liberalism

A political ideology advocating for individual rights, civil liberties, and limited government intervention in the economy.

Conservatism

A political ideology emphasizing tradition, social stability, and the importance of established institutions.

Industrial Revolution

A period of significant industrial growth and technological advancement in Britain from the late 18th century to the 19th century, characterized by the transition from agrarian economies to industrialized ones.

Economic Liberalism

An economic ideology that emphasizes free markets, individual entrepreneurship, and minimal government intervention in the economy.

Reform Act

Legislation aimed at improving political representation and voting rights in Britain.

Social Change

Significant alterations in social structures and cultural norms over time.

Chartism

A working-class movement in the 1830s and 1840s that sought political reforms including universal suffrage and better representation.

Trade Union

An organization of workers formed to protect their rights and interests, particularly in relation to wages and working conditions.

Land Agitation

The movement for reform in land ownership and tenant rights in Ireland during the 19th century.

Home Rule

The political movement advocating for self-governance in Ireland within the United Kingdom.