The Era of Reconstruction and the Gilded Age, 1865–1890 key terms

Black Codes

Laws enacted by Southern states after the Civil War to restrict the rights of African Americans and maintain white supremacy.

Freedmen's Bureau

A federal agency established in 1865 to aid freed slaves in the South by providing food, housing, education, and legal assistance.

Political Corruption

The abuse of power by government officials for illegitimate private gain, prevalent during the Gilded Age.

Patronage

The practice of giving government jobs and favors to political supporters, often leading to corruption and inefficiency.

Reconstruction

The period from 1865 to 1877 during which the United States attempted to reintegrate the Southern states and address the status of formerly enslaved individuals.

Gilded Age

A term used to describe the late 19th century in America, characterized by rapid economic growth, industrialization, and stark social inequalities.

Urbanization

The process by which cities grow as people move from rural areas to urban areas, often for job opportunities.

Corporation

A legal entity that is separate from its owners, allowing for the pooling of capital and limited liability for shareholders.

Laissez-faire

An economic philosophy of free-market capitalism that opposes government intervention in business affairs.

Gilded Age

A term used to describe the late 19th century in America, characterized by rapid economic growth, industrialization, and social issues.

Isolationism

A foreign policy approach that emphasizes avoiding entanglement in international alliances and conflicts.

Territorial Consolidation

The process of acquiring and securing land to strengthen a nation's borders and influence.