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The end of John's reign, 1214–1216 (A-level only)

England under Henry II’s Successors, 1189–1216 (A-level: The end of John's reign, 1214–1216 (A-level only)

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88 min

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AqaA LevelHistory2A Royal Authority and the Angevin Kings, 1154–1216

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The end of John's reign, 1214–1216 (A-level only)4 objectives

Defeat in the war with France: failure of John’s final campaign to regain Normandy; the Battle of Bouvines; the unfavourable peace with Philip II.
Relations between King John and the barons: Robert Fitzwalter and the ‘Army of God’; negotiations leading to Magna Carta.
The First Barons War: baronial unrest and the outbreak of the war; John’s military campaigns; the death of the King.
King John’s legacy: the problem of the succession and role of William Marshal as Protector; the political, economic and social condition of England by 1216.

Royal AuthorityFeudalismBaronsBaronial unrestRegencyMagna CartaWilliam Marshal

Use specific evidence: Always back up your arguments with specific events, dates, and outcomes from John's reign.
Use specific examples: When discussing events like the negotiations for Magna Carta, include specific instances or actions taken by John and the barons.

Overgeneralizing John's failures: Focus on specific events like the Battle of Bouvines and the resulting political consequences to support your argument.
Overgeneralizing the causes of conflict: Acknowledge multiple causes, including military failures, personal grievances, and the influence of key figures like Fitzwalter.

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