The USA after Nixon, 1974–1980 (A-level only) key terms

National Self-Confidence

The collective belief in the integrity and effectiveness of the government and its leaders, which was significantly challenged in the post-Nixon era.

Political Corruption

The abuse of power by government officials for illegitimate private gain, which was a prominent issue during and after the Nixon administration.

Détente

A period of relaxed tensions and improved relations between the USA and the USSR during the 1970s, characterized by arms control agreements and diplomatic engagement.

Iran Hostage Crisis

A diplomatic crisis that began in 1979 when 52 American diplomats and citizens were taken hostage by Iranian militants, lasting 444 days and severely impacting U.S.-Iran relations.

De Facto Segregation

Segregation that occurs in practice but not enforced by law, often seen in Northern cities.

Jim Crow Laws

State and local laws that enforced racial segregation in the Southern United States until the mid-20th century.

Stagflation

An economic condition characterized by slow economic growth and high inflation.

Energy Crisis

A period of fuel shortages and rising energy prices that began in the early 1970s, significantly impacting the US economy.