The end of Post-War Consensus, 1970–1979 revision notes

The End of Post-War Consensus: 1970-1979

Heath’s Government (1970-1974)

• Leadership and Policies: Edward Heath's leadership was characterized by a commitment to modernizing the economy through a mix of free-market policies and state intervention. His government aimed to tackle inflation and unemployment but faced significant challenges.
• Industrial Relations and Miners' Strikes: The miners' strikes of 1972 and 1974 highlighted the tensions between the government and trade unions. The strikes were pivotal in shaping public opinion and government policy towards industrial relations.
• Northern Ireland Troubles: The Sunningdale Agreement of 1973 aimed to establish a power-sharing government in Northern Ireland but ultimately failed, reflecting the deep-seated divisions and violence in the region.

Labour Governments of Wilson and Callaghan (1974-1979)

• Political and Economic Problems: Wilson and Callaghan faced rampant inflation, economic stagnation, and rising unemployment. Their attempts to implement policies to stabilize the economy often met with resistance from trade unions.
• Northern Ireland Issues: The ongoing violence and political instability in Northern Ireland continued to challenge the Labour governments, with limited success in finding a lasting solution.

Society in the 1970s

• Feminism and the Sex Discrimination Act: The feminist movement gained momentum, culminating in the passing of the Sex Discrimination Act in 1975, which aimed to promote gender equality in the workplace.
• Race and Immigration: The 1970s saw increased immigration from the Commonwealth, leading to both cultural enrichment and social tensions, as debates over race and identity intensified.
• Youth and Environmentalism: The youth culture of the 1970s, marked by music and activism, also saw the rise of environmentalism, with growing awareness of ecological issues.

Britain and Europe

• Entry into Europe: Britain’s entry into the European Economic Community (EEC) in 1973 was a significant shift in foreign policy, reflecting a desire for economic stability and growth.
• Special Relationship with the USA: The relationship with the USA remained complex, with cooperation on various fronts but also tensions over foreign policy decisions.
• Attitudes towards USSR and China: The Cold War context influenced British attitudes towards the USSR and China, with a focus on balancing diplomatic relations and national security.