The Gorbachev Revolution, 1985–2000 key terms

Perestroika

An economic reform policy initiated by Gorbachev aimed at restructuring the Soviet economy.

Glasnost

A policy of openness and transparency in government initiated by Gorbachev, allowing for greater freedom of expression.

Democratization

The process of making a political system more democratic, often involving reforms to increase public participation and political pluralism.

Economic Restructuring

The process of changing the structure of an economy, often through policies aimed at improving efficiency and productivity.

Nationalism

A political ideology that emphasizes the interests and culture of a particular nation, often leading to demands for independence or autonomy.

Coup d'état

A sudden, illegal seizure of power from a government, often involving the military.

Shock therapy

A term used to describe the rapid transition from a planned economy to a market economy, implemented by Yeltsin in the 1990s.

Privatization

The process of transferring ownership of state-owned enterprises to private individuals or organizations, a key aspect of Yeltsin's economic reforms.