Variation and evolution common mistakes

Variation common mistake 1

Giving a vague answer instead of directly addressing: Describe how the genome and interaction with the environment influence phenotype..

Answer by clearly explaining how to describe how the genome and interaction with the environment influence phenotype..

Variation common mistake 1

Giving a vague answer instead of directly addressing: Define variation as differences in characteristics between individuals in a population..

Answer by clearly explaining how to define variation as differences in characteristics between individuals in a population..

Variation common mistake 1

Giving a vague answer instead of directly addressing: Explain that variation may be caused by inherited genes..

Answer by clearly explaining how to explain that variation may be caused by inherited genes..

Variation common mistake 1

Giving a vague answer instead of directly addressing: Explain that variation may be caused by environmental conditions during development..

Answer by clearly explaining how to explain that variation may be caused by environmental conditions during development..

Variation common mistake 1

Giving a vague answer instead of directly addressing: Explain that variation may be caused by a combination of genes and environment..

Answer by clearly explaining how to explain that variation may be caused by a combination of genes and environment..

Variation common mistake 1

Giving a vague answer instead of directly addressing: State that there is usually extensive genetic variation within a population of a species..

Answer by clearly explaining how to state that there is usually extensive genetic variation within a population of a species..

Variation common mistake 1

Giving a vague answer instead of directly addressing: Recall that all variants arise from mutations..

Answer by clearly explaining how to recall that all variants arise from mutations..

Variation common mistake 1

Giving a vague answer instead of directly addressing: Describe that most mutations have no effect on phenotype, some influence phenotype, and very few determine phenotype..

Answer by clearly explaining how to describe that most mutations have no effect on phenotype, some influence phenotype, and very few determine phenotype..

Variation common mistake 1

Giving a vague answer instead of directly addressing: Explain how a rare mutation producing a suitable new phenotype can lead to a relatively rapid change in a species..

Answer by clearly explaining how to explain how a rare mutation producing a suitable new phenotype can lead to a relatively rapid change in a species..

Evolution common mistake 1

Giving a vague answer instead of directly addressing: Describe evolution as a change in inherited characteristics of a population over time..

Answer by clearly explaining how to describe evolution as a change in inherited characteristics of a population over time..

Evolution common mistake 1

Giving a vague answer instead of directly addressing: Explain that evolution occurs through natural selection..

Answer by clearly explaining how to explain that evolution occurs through natural selection..

Evolution common mistake 1

Giving a vague answer instead of directly addressing: Explain that natural selection may result in the formation of a new species..

Answer by clearly explaining how to explain that natural selection may result in the formation of a new species..

Evolution common mistake 1

Giving a vague answer instead of directly addressing: State that living species evolved from simple life forms that first developed more than three billion years ago..

Answer by clearly explaining how to state that living species evolved from simple life forms that first developed more than three billion years ago..

Evolution common mistake 1

Giving a vague answer instead of directly addressing: Explain how variants with phenotypes best suited to an environment are selected..

Answer by clearly explaining how to explain how variants with phenotypes best suited to an environment are selected..

Evolution common mistake 1

Giving a vague answer instead of directly addressing: Explain that selected individuals are more likely to survive, breed and pass on characteristics..

Answer by clearly explaining how to explain that selected individuals are more likely to survive, breed and pass on characteristics..

Evolution common mistake 1

Giving a vague answer instead of directly addressing: Explain that two populations form new species if phenotype differences mean they can no longer interbreed to produce fertile offspring..

Answer by clearly explaining how to explain that two populations form new species if phenotype differences mean they can no longer interbreed to produce fertile offspring..

Evolution common mistake 1

Giving a vague answer instead of directly addressing: Use the theory of evolution by natural selection in an explanation..

Answer by clearly explaining how to use the theory of evolution by natural selection in an explanation..

Selective breeding common mistake 1

Giving a vague answer instead of directly addressing: Describe selective breeding as humans breeding plants and animals for particular genetic characteristics..

Answer by clearly explaining how to describe selective breeding as humans breeding plants and animals for particular genetic characteristics..

Selective breeding common mistake 1

Giving a vague answer instead of directly addressing: Explain the impact of selective breeding on food plants and domesticated animals..

Answer by clearly explaining how to explain the impact of selective breeding on food plants and domesticated animals..

Selective breeding common mistake 1

Giving a vague answer instead of directly addressing: Describe choosing parents with desired characteristics from a mixed population..

Answer by clearly explaining how to describe choosing parents with desired characteristics from a mixed population..

Selective breeding common mistake 1

Giving a vague answer instead of directly addressing: Explain that selected parents are bred, then offspring with desired characteristics are bred over many generations..

Answer by clearly explaining how to explain that selected parents are bred, then offspring with desired characteristics are bred over many generations..

Selective breeding common mistake 1

Giving a vague answer instead of directly addressing: Identify useful or appearance-based traits selected by humans, including disease resistance, more meat or milk, gentle dog nature and large or unusual flowers..

Answer by clearly explaining how to identify useful or appearance-based traits selected by humans, including disease resistance, more meat or milk, gentle dog nature and large or unusual flowers..

Selective breeding common mistake 1

Giving a vague answer instead of directly addressing: Explain that selective breeding can lead to inbreeding..

Answer by clearly explaining how to explain that selective breeding can lead to inbreeding..

Selective breeding common mistake 1

Giving a vague answer instead of directly addressing: Explain that inbreeding can make some breeds prone to disease or inherited defects..

Answer by clearly explaining how to explain that inbreeding can make some breeds prone to disease or inherited defects..

Selective breeding common mistake 1

Giving a vague answer instead of directly addressing: Explain benefits, risks and ethical issues of selective breeding when given appropriate information..

Answer by clearly explaining how to explain benefits, risks and ethical issues of selective breeding when given appropriate information..

Genetic engineering common mistake 1

Giving a vague answer instead of directly addressing: Describe genetic engineering as modifying the genome of an organism by introducing a gene from another organism..

Answer by clearly explaining how to describe genetic engineering as modifying the genome of an organism by introducing a gene from another organism..

Genetic engineering common mistake 1

Giving a vague answer instead of directly addressing: Explain that genetic engineering can give an organism a desired characteristic..

Answer by clearly explaining how to explain that genetic engineering can give an organism a desired characteristic..

Genetic engineering common mistake 1

Giving a vague answer instead of directly addressing: Describe crop plants engineered for disease resistance or bigger and better fruits..

Answer by clearly explaining how to describe crop plants engineered for disease resistance or bigger and better fruits..

Genetic engineering common mistake 1

Giving a vague answer instead of directly addressing: Describe bacterial cells engineered to produce useful substances such as human insulin..

Answer by clearly explaining how to describe bacterial cells engineered to produce useful substances such as human insulin..

Genetic engineering common mistake 1

Giving a vague answer instead of directly addressing: Explain potential benefits and risks of genetic engineering in agriculture..

Answer by clearly explaining how to explain potential benefits and risks of genetic engineering in agriculture..

Genetic engineering common mistake 1

Giving a vague answer instead of directly addressing: Explain potential benefits and risks of genetic engineering in medicine..

Answer by clearly explaining how to explain potential benefits and risks of genetic engineering in medicine..

Genetic engineering common mistake 1

Giving a vague answer instead of directly addressing: Describe objections some people have to genetic engineering and GM crops..

Answer by clearly explaining how to describe objections some people have to genetic engineering and GM crops..

Genetic engineering common mistake 1

Giving a vague answer instead of directly addressing: Explain that GM crops may be resistant to insect attack or herbicides and may have increased yields..

Answer by clearly explaining how to explain that GM crops may be resistant to insect attack or herbicides and may have increased yields..

Genetic engineering common mistake 1

Giving a vague answer instead of directly addressing: Explain concerns about effects of GM crops on wild flowers, insects and human health..

Answer by clearly explaining how to explain concerns about effects of GM crops on wild flowers, insects and human health..

Genetic engineering common mistake 1

Giving a vague answer instead of directly addressing: Describe (HT only) that enzymes isolate the required gene in genetic engineering..

Answer by clearly explaining how to describe (HT only) that enzymes isolate the required gene in genetic engineering..

Genetic engineering common mistake 1

Giving a vague answer instead of directly addressing: Describe (HT only) inserting the required gene into a vector such as a bacterial plasmid or virus..

Answer by clearly explaining how to describe (HT only) inserting the required gene into a vector such as a bacterial plasmid or virus..

Genetic engineering common mistake 1

Giving a vague answer instead of directly addressing: Describe (HT only) using the vector to insert the gene into the required cells at an early stage of development..

Answer by clearly explaining how to describe (HT only) using the vector to insert the gene into the required cells at an early stage of development..

Genetic engineering common mistake 1

Giving a vague answer instead of directly addressing: Interpret information about genetic engineering techniques and make informed judgements about cloning, genetic engineering and GM crops..

Answer by clearly explaining how to interpret information about genetic engineering techniques and make informed judgements about cloning, genetic engineering and GM crops..

Cloning (biology only) common mistake 1

Giving a vague answer instead of directly addressing: Describe tissue culture as using small groups of plant cells to grow identical new plants..

Answer by clearly explaining how to describe tissue culture as using small groups of plant cells to grow identical new plants..

Cloning (biology only) common mistake 1

Giving a vague answer instead of directly addressing: Explain why tissue culture is useful for preserving rare plant species and commercial nurseries..

Answer by clearly explaining how to explain why tissue culture is useful for preserving rare plant species and commercial nurseries..

Cloning (biology only) common mistake 1

Giving a vague answer instead of directly addressing: Describe cuttings as an older simple method for producing identical new plants from a parent plant..

Answer by clearly explaining how to describe cuttings as an older simple method for producing identical new plants from a parent plant..

Cloning (biology only) common mistake 1

Giving a vague answer instead of directly addressing: Describe embryo transplants as splitting cells from an early animal embryo and transplanting identical embryos into host mothers..

Answer by clearly explaining how to describe embryo transplants as splitting cells from an early animal embryo and transplanting identical embryos into host mothers..

Cloning (biology only) common mistake 1

Giving a vague answer instead of directly addressing: Describe adult cell cloning by removing the nucleus from an unfertilised egg cell..

Answer by clearly explaining how to describe adult cell cloning by removing the nucleus from an unfertilised egg cell..

Cloning (biology only) common mistake 1

Giving a vague answer instead of directly addressing: Describe inserting the nucleus from an adult body cell into the enucleated egg cell..

Answer by clearly explaining how to describe inserting the nucleus from an adult body cell into the enucleated egg cell..

Cloning (biology only) common mistake 1

Giving a vague answer instead of directly addressing: Explain that an electric shock stimulates the egg cell to divide to form an embryo..

Answer by clearly explaining how to explain that an electric shock stimulates the egg cell to divide to form an embryo..

Cloning (biology only) common mistake 1

Giving a vague answer instead of directly addressing: Explain that embryo cells from adult cell cloning contain the same genetic information as the adult body cell..

Answer by clearly explaining how to explain that embryo cells from adult cell cloning contain the same genetic information as the adult body cell..

Cloning (biology only) common mistake 1

Giving a vague answer instead of directly addressing: Describe inserting the embryo into a womb after it has developed into a ball of cells..

Answer by clearly explaining how to describe inserting the embryo into a womb after it has developed into a ball of cells..

Cloning (biology only) common mistake 1

Giving a vague answer instead of directly addressing: Explain potential benefits and risks of cloning in agriculture and medicine and ethical objections..

Answer by clearly explaining how to explain potential benefits and risks of cloning in agriculture and medicine and ethical objections..