Which of the following best describes the relationship between temperature and internal energy (Changes of state and specific latent heat)

The correct answer is Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of particles.

Method lens: First identify the measured quantity, then match the equation or particle idea to the command word. This question asks: Which of the following best describes the relationship between temperature and internal energy (Changes of state and specific latent heat). The correct response is Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of particles, because the particle model explains the observable property using particles. In Changes of state and specific latent heat, the marking point should connect directly to apply MS 4a and MS 4c skills when interpreting graphs of temperature against time. If the question includes values, the working must keep the appropriate unit and operation; if it is an explanation, it must name the relevant particle behaviour or energy change. This item belongs to Internal energy and energy transfers, so avoid answers that switch to a different quantity, confuse heat with temperature, or describe gas pressure without collisions when collisions are the reason. Checkpoint 440 is distinct because it uses this exact question context and the method lens rather than a generic particle-model sentence.