If 4 kg of water is heated and absorbs 8400 J of energy, what is the specific heat capacity of the water if the temperature change is 5 °C (Changes of state and specific latent heat)

The correct answer is 420 J/kg°C.

Exam lens: Write the relationship, substitute values only when needed, and finish by interpreting the result. This question asks: If 4 kg of water is heated and absorbs 8400 J of energy, what is the specific heat capacity of the water if the temperature change is 5 °C (Changes of state and specific latent heat). The correct response is 420 J/kg°C, because density links mass and volume, so the answer must preserve which quantity is being calculated. In Changes of state and specific latent heat, the marking point should connect directly to calculate specific latent heat when energy transferred and mass are known. If the question includes values, the working must keep the appropriate unit and operation; if it is an explanation, it must name the relevant particle behaviour or energy change. This item belongs to Internal energy and energy transfers, so avoid answers that switch to a different quantity, confuse heat with temperature, or describe gas pressure without collisions when collisions are the reason. Checkpoint 407 is distinct because it uses this exact question context and the exam lens rather than a generic particle-model sentence.