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Learning objective

Summarize the general solubility rules for salts, noting that: (a) sodium, potassium, and ammonium salts are soluble, (b) nitrates are soluble, (c) chlorides are soluble except for lead and silver, (d) sulfates are soluble except for barium, calcium, and lead, (e) carbonates are insoluble except for sodium, potassium, and ammonium, and (f) hydroxides are insoluble except for sodium, potassium, ammonium, and partially calcium.

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Cambridge IGCSE ChemistryAcids, bases and saltsCore content

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Quick explanation

Summarize the general solubility rules for salts, noting that: (a) sodium, potassium, and ammonium salts are soluble, (b) nitrates are soluble, (c) chlorides are soluble except for lead and silver, (d) sulfates are soluble except for barium, calcium, and lead, (e) carbonates are insoluble except for sodium, potassium, and ammonium, and (f) hydroxides are insoluble except for sodium, potassium, ammonium, and partially calcium

  • This point belongs to Preparation of salts, especially Preparation of salts outcomes.
  • You need to be able to summarize the general solubility rules for salts, noting that: (a) sodium, potassium, and ammonium salts are soluble, (b) nitrates are soluble, (c) chlorides are soluble except for lead and silver, (d) sulfates are soluble except for barium, calcium, and lead, (e) carbonates are insoluble except for sodium, potassium, and ammonium, and (f) hydroxides are insoluble except for sodium, potassium, ammonium, and partially calcium.
  • The key ideas to know are Describe, List, and Outline.
  • Use the linked flashcards and practice questions to check recall, then practise applying the idea in an exam-style answer.

Key concepts

DescribeListOutline

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Paper 3 structured question: Preparation of salts

Paper 3Theory (Core)1 marks

Description

Solubility Rules

The solubility of different salts varies. Sodium, potassium, and ammonium salts are soluble. Nitrates are soluble. Chlorides are soluble except for lead and silver. Sulfates are soluble except for barium, calcium, and lead. Carbonates are insoluble except for sodium, potassium, and ammonium. Hydroxides are insoluble except for sodium, potassium, ammonium, and partially calcium.

  1. a

    State List the exceptions to the solubility of chlorides.

    Aim for approximately 1 distinct marking point.

    [1]
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