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Halogenoalkanes key terms
Study Halogenoalkanes with curriculum-aligned Key Terms resources, practice links, and exam-focused support.
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key terms
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Topic
Halogenoalkanes
Key terms
Polarity
The distribution of electrical charge over the atoms in a molecule, leading to partial positive and negative charges.
Nucleophile
A species that donates an electron pair to form a chemical bond in a reaction.
Nucleophile
A species that donates an electron pair to form a chemical bond in a reaction.
Leaving group
An atom or group that can depart from the parent molecule, allowing for nucleophilic attack.
Nucleophile
A species that donates an electron pair to form a chemical bond in a reaction.
Leaving group
An atom or group that can depart from the parent molecule during a substitution reaction.
Nucleophile
A species that donates an electron pair to form a chemical bond in a reaction.
Hydrolysis
A chemical reaction involving the breaking of a bond in a molecule using water.
Nucleophile
A species that donates an electron pair to form a new covalent bond.
Base
A substance that can accept protons (H⁺ ions) in a chemical reaction.
E2 mechanism
A bimolecular elimination mechanism where the base removes a proton while the leaving group departs, resulting in the formation of a double bond.
Dehydrohalogenation
The elimination reaction that involves the removal of a hydrogen atom and a halogen atom from adjacent carbon atoms, resulting in the formation of an alkene.
Elimination Reaction
A reaction in which a molecule loses atoms or groups of atoms, resulting in the formation of a double bond.
Substitution Reaction
A reaction in which one atom or group of atoms in a molecule is replaced by another atom or group of atoms.
Ozone Layer
A region of Earth's stratosphere that contains a high concentration of ozone (O₃) and absorbs most of the sun's harmful UV radiation.
Ultraviolet (UV) Radiation
A type of electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths shorter than visible light, which can cause skin damage and increase cancer risk.
Ozone depletion
The reduction of ozone (O3) concentration in the stratosphere, primarily caused by chlorine and bromine-containing compounds.
Photodissociation
The process by which a chemical compound is broken down by photons, leading to the formation of radicals.
Ozone depletion
The reduction of the ozone layer in the stratosphere due to chemical reactions involving chlorine and bromine compounds.
Chlorine radical
A highly reactive species formed from the homolytic cleavage of chlorine molecules, capable of initiating ozone decomposition.
Ozone depletion
The reduction of the ozone layer in the stratosphere, primarily caused by human-made chemicals like CFCs.
Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)
A group of man-made compounds that contain chlorine, fluorine, and carbon, known for their role in ozone depletion.