Division to unity: the Federal Republic of Germany, 1949–1991 (A-level only) key terms

Social Market Economy

An economic system that combines free market capitalism with social policies that establish fair competition and a welfare state.

Stasi

The official state security service of East Germany, known for its extensive surveillance and repression of dissent.

Christian Democratic Union (CDU)

A major political party in Germany, founded in 1945, which has traditionally represented conservative and Christian values.

Social Democratic Party (SPD)

A major political party in Germany, founded in the 19th century, which advocates for social democracy and progressive policies.

Extra-parliamentary opposition

Political movements and actions that occur outside of formal parliamentary processes, often involving protests and grassroots activism.

Urban terrorism

Violent acts committed in urban areas aimed at instilling fear and achieving political objectives, often associated with radical groups.

Economic Miracle

A period of rapid economic growth in West Germany during the 1950s and early 1960s, characterized by industrial expansion and low unemployment.

Oil Crisis

A period of significant oil price increases in the 1970s that led to economic challenges, including inflation and recession in many Western economies, including West Germany.

Social Market Economy

An economic system in West Germany that combined free market capitalism with social policies to ensure fair competition and a welfare state.

Guest Workers (Gastarbeiter)

Foreign workers invited to West Germany in the 1950s and 1960s to fill labor shortages, significantly impacting the demographic and social landscape.

Reunification

The process of uniting East and West Germany into a single nation in 1990 after decades of division.

Solidarity Pact

A financial agreement initiated by the West German government to support the economic development of East Germany after reunification.