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Learning objective

Explain how to use a flame test to identify the following cations: (a) lithium (Li⁺), (b) sodium (Na⁺), (c) potassium (K⁺), (d) calcium (Ca²⁺), (e) barium (Ba²⁺), (f) copper(II) (Cu²⁺).

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Cambridge IGCSE ChemistryExperimental techniques and chemical analysisCore contentPractical objective

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Explain how to use a flame test to identify the following cations: (a) lithium (Li⁺), (b) sodium (Na⁺), (c) potassium (K⁺), (d) calcium (Ca²⁺), (e) barium (Ba²⁺), (f) copper(II) (Cu²⁺)

  • This point belongs to Identification of ions and gases, especially Identification of ions and gases outcomes.
  • You need to be able to explain how to use a flame test to identify the following cations: (a) lithium (Li⁺), (b) sodium (Na⁺), (c) potassium (K⁺), (d) calcium (Ca²⁺), (e) barium (Ba²⁺), (f) copper(II) (Cu²⁺).
  • The key ideas to know are Describe, Identify, and Explain.
  • Use the linked flashcards and practice questions to check recall, then practise applying the idea in an exam-style answer.

Key concepts

DescribeIdentifyExplain

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Paper 6 structured question: Identification of ions and gases

Paper 6Alternative to PracticalPractical3 marks

Method

Flame Test Procedure

To identify metal cations, a flame test is performed by heating a small sample of the metal salt on a clean wire loop in a Bunsen burner flame. The color of the flame is observed and recorded.

CationFlame Color
Lithium (Li⁺)Crimson
Sodium (Na⁺)Bright yellow
Potassium (K⁺)Lilac
Calcium (Ca²⁺)Orange-red
Barium (Ba²⁺)Green
Copper(II) (Cu²⁺)Blue-green
  1. a

    Describe the procedure for conducting a flame test, including any important safety precautions.

    Aim for approximately 3 distinct marking points.

    [3]
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