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Extraction of metals
Explain how the difficulty of extracting metals from their ores is influenced by their position in the reactivity series.
5
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50
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35
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90 min
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CambridgeIGCSEChemistryMetals
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Extraction of metals outcomes5 objectives
- Explain how the difficulty of extracting metals from their ores is influenced by their position in the reactivity series.
- Outline the process of extracting iron from hematite using a blast furnace, focusing on: (a) the combustion of carbon (coke) for heat and carbon dioxide production (b) the conversion of carbon dioxide to carbon monoxide (c) the reduction of iron(III) oxide by carbon monoxide (d) the thermal breakdown of calcium carbonate to yield calcium oxide (e) the creation of slag. Symbol equations are not necessary.
- Identify that bauxite is the primary ore of aluminium and that aluminium is obtained through electrolysis.
- Provide the symbol equations for the extraction of iron from hematite, including: (a) C + O → CO2 (b) C + CO2 → 2CO (c) Fe2O3 + 3CO → 2Fe + 3CO2 (d) CaCO3 → CaO + CO2 (e) CaO + SiO2 → CaSiO3.
- Explain the process of extracting aluminium from purified bauxite/aluminium oxide, covering: (a) the function of cryolite (b) the necessity for regular replacement of carbon anodes (c) the reactions occurring at the electrodes, including ionic half-equations. Details on the purification of bauxite are not required.
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