Earthquakes and volcanoes

Students should be able to: Describe the primary types and characteristics of volcanoes, including strato-volcanoes (composite cones) and shield volcanoes, as well as their features such as craters, vents, and magma chambers. Explain the characteristics of earthquakes, including their epicentres, foci, and magnitudes. Discuss the global distribution of earthquakes and volcanoes, including an understanding of tectonic plate structures and movements, subduction zones, and the effects of different types of plate boundaries: constructive/divergent, destructive/convergent, and conservative. Identify the causes of earthquakes and volcanic eruptions and their impacts on human populations and the environment. Recognize that while volcanoes can pose hazards, they also provide opportunities for communities. Discuss strategies to mitigate the effects of earthquakes and volcanoes. Case studies should include one earthquake and one volcano.