Spain: The 'Great Power', 1556–1598 (A-level only) key terms

Habsburg Empire

A major European power that included Spain and its territories, ruled by the Habsburg dynasty during Philip II's reign.

Inquisition

A judicial institution established to maintain Catholic orthodoxy in Spain, often associated with persecution of heretics.

Habsburg Dynasty

The ruling family of Spain and the Holy Roman Empire, which played a crucial role in European politics during the 16th century.

Catholic League

An alliance formed by Catholic factions in France during the French Wars of Religion, supported by Spain.

Mediterranean Dominance

The control exerted by Spain over the Mediterranean Sea, particularly against Ottoman forces.

Habsburg Monarchy

The ruling dynasty of Spain during this period, which played a crucial role in European politics and conflicts.

Eighty Years' War

A protracted conflict from 1568 to 1648 between the Spanish Empire and the Dutch provinces, leading to Dutch independence.

Spanish Armada

A fleet sent by Spain in 1588 to invade England, which was ultimately defeated, marking a turning point in European power dynamics.

Mercantilism

An economic theory that emphasizes the role of the state in managing the economy, particularly through trade and accumulation of wealth.

Viceroyalty

A political unit ruled by a viceroy, representing the Spanish crown in the Americas.

Spanish Armada

A fleet sent by Spain in 1588 to invade England, which ended in a disastrous defeat for Spain.

Habsburg Empire

A dynastic empire that included Spain and its territories, characterized by extensive territorial claims and political alliances.