The 'Golden Age', 1556–1598 (A-level only) key terms

Centralization

The process of consolidating power and authority in a central government, reducing the influence of local authorities.

Inquisition

A judicial institution established by the Catholic Church to combat heresy and enforce religious conformity.

Moriscos

Muslims who converted to Christianity in Spain, often facing suspicion and persecution during the Golden Age.

Inquisition

A judicial institution established by the Catholic Church to combat heresy, which played a significant role in maintaining religious orthodoxy in Spain.

Catholic Orthodoxy

The adherence to the traditional beliefs and practices of the Catholic Church.

Religious Conformity

The enforcement of uniformity in religious beliefs and practices within a society.

Habsburg Empire

A major European power during the Golden Age, ruled by the Spanish monarchy, which included territories in Europe and the Americas.

Mercantilism

An economic theory that emphasizes the role of the state in managing the economy, particularly through trade and accumulation of wealth.

Counter-Reformation

A movement within the Catholic Church to counter the Protestant Reformation, emphasizing reform and reaffirmation of Catholic doctrine.

Spanish Inquisition

An institution established to maintain Catholic orthodoxy, known for its role in persecuting heretics and enforcing religious conformity.

Inflation

A general increase in prices and fall in the purchasing value of money, significantly affecting the Spanish economy in the late 16th century.

Centralized Monarchy

A form of government where the monarch holds central power, which was a characteristic of Philip II's rule in Spain.